Cushing's syndrome in dogs

Cushing’s syndrome (also called hyperadrenocorticism) is a hormonal condition caused by too much cortisol in the body. It mainly affects middle-aged and older dogs and tends to develop gradually, so early signs are sometimes mistaken for normal ageing.

While it can’t be cured in most cases, it can often be managed long term with medication and regular veterinary monitoring.

Having lifetime pet insurance can help with eligible veterinary costs if your dog is diagnosed with a chronic condition like Cushing’s syndrome.

What is Cushing’s syndrome?

Cushing’s syndrome is a condition where a dog’s body produces too much cortisol, a hormone made by the adrenal glands. 

The adrenal glands sit near the kidneys and are controlled by the pituitary gland in the brain, which signals when to produce cortisol.
Cortisol helps regulate stress, metabolism and the immune system, but long-term high levels can cause significant health problems.
Causes of Cushing’s syndrome

Most cases of Cushing’s syndrome in dogs are caused by one of the following:

• A small usually benign tumour on the pituitary gland (pituitary-dependent Cushing’s). This is the most common form.
• A tumour on one of the adrenal glands (adrenal-dependent Cushing’s).
• Long-term or high-dose steroid medication used to treat other conditions (iatrogenic Cushing’s)

Commonly affected breeds

Cushing’s syndrome can affect any dog, but it’s more commonly diagnosed in middle-aged to older dogs.

Some breeds appear to be diagnosed more often, including:

• Poodle (especially Miniature)
• Dachshund
• Boxer
• Boston Terrier
• Yorkshire Terrier

However, it’s important to note that any breed can develop the condition.

Types of Cushing’s syndrome

Cushing’s syndrome in dogs is usually classified into three types depending on the underlying cause of excess cortisol production: pituitary-dependent Cushing’s, adrenal-dependent Cushing’s, and iatrogenic Cushing’s.

Symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome

Symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome in dogs often develop slowly and may be mistaken for normal ageing. Some common signs include:

• Increased thirst
• Increased urination
• Increased appetite
• Pot-bellied appearance
• Hair thinning or hair loss
• Recurrent skin infections
• Thin or fragile skin
• Reduced muscle mass
• Lethargy or reduced activity
• Increased panting

If untreated, Cushing’s can also increase the risk of conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure and blood clots.

What to do if your dog shows signs of Cushing’s syndrome

If your dog shows ongoing symptoms such as increased thirst, appetite changes or a swollen abdomen, it’s important to book a veterinary appointment.

Cushing’s syndrome can look similar to other conditions, so your vet will usually run tests to rule out other causes and confirm a diagnosis.

Never stop any prescribed steroid medication suddenly, as this can cause serious complications.

What age could you expect Cushing’s syndrome in your dog

Cushing’s syndrome is most commonly seen in middle-aged and older dogs, typically from around 6 years of age upwards.

It develops gradually in most cases, which is why early signs can be easy to miss or attribute to ageing.

How to manage Cushing’s syndrome

Managing Cushing’s syndrome usually involves long-term treatment alongside regular veterinary monitoring. This may include daily medication to help control cortisol levels, as well as routine blood tests and check-ups to track how your dog is responding.

At home, you’ll also need to keep an eye on changes in drinking, eating and urination habits, and manage any secondary issues such as skin or ear infections. In some cases, adjustments to diet, weight and exercise may also be recommended. With ongoing care and monitoring, many dogs are able to maintain a good quality of life.

Does pet insurance cover Cushing’s syndrome

Many pet insurance policies can help cover eligible veterinary costs for diagnosing and treating Cushing’s syndrome, as long as it’s not a pre-existing condition.

As it’s a long-term condition, ongoing costs can include medication, repeat blood tests and regular veterinary visits. Lifetime pet insurance policies are often best suited for chronic conditions like this, as they can provide continued cover for ongoing treatment.
Always check your policy details for limits, exclusions and cover levels.

Cushing’s syndrome treatment options

Treatment for Cushing’s syndrome in dogs depends on the underlying cause of the condition. In most cases, prescription medication is used to help reduce cortisol production. If the condition is caused by long-term steroid use, treatment involves carefully and gradually reducing steroid medication under veterinary supervision.

In some cases, surgery may be recommended to remove an adrenal tumour. Dogs may also need supportive treatment for related complications such as infections or diabetes. Medication usually needs regular checks and dose adjustments to make sure it’s working well and your dog is coping with it.

When to speak to a vet

If you notice any ongoing changes such as increased drinking or urination, a pot-bellied appearance, or unexplained changes in coat or skin condition, it’s a good idea to contact your vet.

You should also seek advice if your dog seems unusually hungry, lethargic, or is showing more than one of these symptoms at the same time. While these signs can be linked to Cushing’s syndrome, they may also be caused by other health conditions, so it’s important to have your dog checked by a vet to find out what’s going on. Early diagnosis can make the condition easier to manage.

As an Agria Pet Insurance customer, access to a veterinary expert is free 24/7 via video call using the Agria app.