Ear infections (Otitis externa) in cats

Is your cat scratching its ears excessively or shaking its head? It could be an ear infection, also known as otitis externa. This guide will explain everything you need to know about feline ear infections, including causes, symptoms, and treatments.

What is otitis externa?

Otitis externa refers to the inflammation of the outer ear canal. It’s a common ear condition in cats, particularly younger ones. This inflammation is often caused by parasites like ear mites, but bacteria, fungi, and neoplasms (abnormal growths) can also trigger infections.

Cat ear infections can be uncomfortable and, if left untreated, can lead to more serious health issues, including hearing loss.

Symptoms of ear infections in cats

It’s important to watch for any signs of discomfort in your cat’s ears. The sooner you catch an infection, the easier it is to treat. Some common symptoms of a cat ear infection include:

• Excessive scratching: If your cat is constantly scratching their ears or the area around them, this could indicate an infection.Head shaking: Cats often shake their heads to try and relieve the discomfort caused by ear infections.
• Smelly ears: A bad smell from the ear can be a clear sign of an infection. If your cat's ears are smelly, consult your vet.Red and irritated ears: Inflammation in the ear canal often causes redness and soreness.
• Visible wax: You might notice black or brown waxy discharge inside the ear.
• Tilting of the head: Cats with ear infections may tilt their heads to one side, trying to ease the discomfort.

If you notice any of these cat ear infection symptoms, it’s time to visit the vet.

What causes ear infections in cats?

Ear infections in cats can have several causes, and it's essential to consult your vet for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

One common cause is ear mites, small parasites that live in the ear canal, causing irritation and itching. These mites are highly contagious, so your cat can easily catch them from other pets.

Other causes can include allergies, bacterial and fungal infections, or even foreign objects that can sometimes get lodged in your cat’s ear canal, causing irritation and potential infections.

Types of ear infections in cats

There are three main types of ear infections depending on where they occur:

1. Otitis externa: This is an infection of the outer ear canal and is the most common form in cats.
2. Otitis media: This occurs in the middle ear and can develop if an outer ear infection spreads.
3. Otitis interna: This is the most severe type, affecting the inner ear and can lead to balance problems, hearing loss, and other complications.

How to treat ear infections in cats

If you think your cat has an ear infection, it’s important to consult your vet for a proper diagnosis and treatment. First, your vet will conduct a thorough examination of your cat’s ear canal, often using an instrument called an otoscope for a closer look. They may also take a sample of the ear discharge for examination under a microscope to determine if the infection is caused by bacteria, fungi, or mites.

The first step in treatment typically involves cleaning your cat’s ear to remove any discharge. And, depending on the cause of the infection, your vet may prescribe ear drops, antibiotics, or anti-fungal medications. If the infection is due to ear mites, specific ear mite drops will be used. In severe cases, oral antibiotics or steroids may be necessary.

How to clean your cat’s ears – step by step

During treatment, your vet may recommend regular ear cleaning with a cat ear cleaner specifically designed for this purpose. Always follow your vet’s instructions carefully. However, typically, you can expect it to go something like this:

1. Wipe the outer ear: Use a cotton ball to gently clean the outer part of the ear.
2. Use an ear cleaner: If there is dirt inside the ear, use an ear cleaner designed for cats.
3. Fill the ear canal: Fill the ear with the cleaner and gently massage the base of the ear to loosen any wax or debris.
4. Wipe again: Use a cotton swab to clean the outer ear again. Never use cotton buds, as they can damage the ear canal.

Preventing ear infections in cats

While some cats are more prone to ear infections, there are several steps you can take to help prevent them. First, check your cat’s ears regularly for signs of dirt, redness, or smelly discharge to catch infections early. If your cat suffers from allergies, work with your vet to manage them and reduce the risk of ear infections. Additionally, consider using preventative treatments to protect your cat from ear mites, especially if they spend time outdoors or with other pets. Taking these precautions can help keep your cat’s ears healthy and infection-free.

Home remedies for cat ear infections

Some cat owners may consider homeopathic remedies for cat ear infections, such as natural oils or herbal treatments. While these might provide temporary relief, it’s important to consult your vet before using any home remedy. Veterinary treatments are typically more effective and ensure that the infection is properly treated.

FAQs about ear infections in cats

Last reviewed by Adam Jolley, October 2024.